California Water Quality Report

Tap water quality data for 83 cities in California, updated 2026.

Avg. Hardness: 236 ppm (Very Hard)5 cities with violationsAll cities below EPA lead limit
Avg. Hardness
236 ppm
Very Hard

US average: 100 ppm

Violations (3yr)
145
16 health-based

78 of 83 cities violation-free

Lead Compliance
100%
Below EPA Limit

82 cities tested

Water Source
Surface Water
80% of systems

83 water systems tracked

Water Hardness Across California

Soft
3 (4%)
Moderate
6 (7%)
Hard
34 (41%)
Very Hard
40 (48%)
Hardest: Vallecitos Wd (749 ppm)Softest: Cws - Visalia (4.8 ppm)

Not sure what your hardness means? Use our Water Hardness Calculator or find the best hardness test kits.

California Tap Water: What You Need to Know

California has 83 tracked water utilities serving approximately 23.9M residents. The average water hardness is 236 ppm (13.8 GPG), classified as Very Hardabove the national average of 100 ppm. Hardness ranges from 4.8 ppm in Cws - Visalia to 749 ppm in Vallecitos Wd.

In the past 3 years, 5 of 83 cities in California have recorded water quality violations, totaling 145 violations (16 health-based). All 82 tested cities have lead levels below the EPA action level of 15 ppb.

With very hard water on average, many California residents may notice mineral buildup on fixtures, dry skin, or stiff-feeling hair. A shower filter for hard water can help reduce chlorine exposure, while a water softener addresses the mineral buildup directly.

Frequently Asked Questions About California Water

Is tap water safe to drink in California?

Most tap water in California meets EPA standards, but 5 cities have recorded violations in the past 3 years (16 health-based). We recommend checking your specific city's report on TapWater.org and considering a home water test.

How hard is the water in California?

California's average water hardness is 236 ppm (13.8 GPG), classified as Very Hard. This is above the national average of 100 ppm. Hardness varies significantly by city — use our Water Hardness Calculator to check your specific area.

Which city in California has the cleanest tap water?

Based on EPA violation data, lead testing, and water quality metrics, Los Angeles ranks as having the cleanest tap water in California. It has zero violations in the past 3 years and lead levels well below the EPA action level.

Which city in California has the most water quality issues?

Sunnyvale currently has the most water quality concerns in California, with 126 violations in the past 3 years. Residents should check their city's detailed water quality report and consider using a certified water filter.

Where does California get its water from?

The majority of California's water systems (80%) use surface water as their primary source. Surface water comes from rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. Each city's specific source can vary — check individual city reports for details.

48 of 83 Cities

Sorted by population served

Los Angeles

Utility serves 3.9M

Hardness162 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

East Bay

Utility serves 1.4M

Hardness319 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

San Diego

Utility serves 1.4M

Hardness749 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

San Jose

Utility serves 1.2M

Hardness190.5 ppm
LeadBelow limit
Violations2 (3yr)

California

Utility serves 1.0M

Hardness162 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Eastern Municipal Wd

Utility serves 667K

Hardness207 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Fresno

Utility serves 546K

Hardness101 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Sacramento

Utility serves 520K

Hardness57.3 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Long Beach

Utility serves 467K

Hardness162 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Irvine Ranch

Utility serves 445K

Hardness204 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Anaheim

Utility serves 349K

Hardness204 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Santa Ana

Utility serves 311K

Hardness204 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Riverside

Utility serves 298K

Hardness207 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Santa Clarita Valley

Utility serves 294K

Hardness162 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Gswc - Southwest

Utility serves 278K

Hardness162 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Helix

Utility serves 278K

Hardness749 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Coachella Vwd: Cove Community

Utility serves 270K

Hardness207 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Cws - Bakersfield

Utility serves 268K

Hardness174 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

San Gabriel Valley

Utility serves 258K

Hardness162 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Modesto

Utility serves 246K

Hardness191.5 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Otay

Utility serves 238K

Hardness749 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

San Gabriel Valley Wc - Fontana

Utility serves 238K

Hardness143 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Golden State

Utility serves 225K

Hardness143 ppm
LeadBelow limit
Violations6 (3yr)

San Bernardin0

Utility serves 215K

Hardness143 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Cucamonga Valley

Utility serves 211K

Hardness143 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Los Angeles Cwwd 40 Reg 4 & 34 Lancaster

Utility serves 208K

Hardness162 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Huntington Beach

Utility serves 201K

Hardness204 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Oxnard

Utility serves 200K

Hardness484.5 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Contra Costa

Utility serves 198K

Hardness183 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Stockton

Utility serves 197K

Hardness114 ppm
LeadBelow limit
Violations9 (3yr)

Sweetwater Authority

Utility serves 191K

Hardness749 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Liberty

Utility serves 190K

Hardness162 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Glendale

Utility serves 189K

Hardness162 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Marin Municipal

Utility serves 187K

Hardness124 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Ontario

Utility serves 185K

Hardness143 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Scwa - Laguna/vineyard

Utility serves 185K

Hardness57.3 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Santa Rosa

Utility serves 175K

Hardness164.5 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Garden Grove

Utility serves 174K

Hardness204 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Oceanside

Utility serves 171K

Hardness749 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Moulton Niguel

Utility serves 170K

Hardness204 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Elsinore Valley Mwd

Utility serves 169K

Hardness207 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Corona

Utility serves 169K

Hardness207 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Santa Margarita

Utility serves 168K

Hardness204 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Pasadena

Utility serves 164K

Hardness162 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Hayward

Utility serves 163K

Hardness319 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Bakersfield

Utility serves 160K

Hardness174 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone

Sunnyvale

Utility serves 158K

Hardness190.5 ppm
LeadBelow limit
Violations126 (3yr)

Roseville

Utility serves 156K

Hardness111.5 ppm
LeadBelow limit
ViolationsNone